APUSH Period 7 Spanish American War and Imperialism
38 flashcards covering APUSH Period 7 Spanish American War and Imperialism for the AP-US-HISTORY Period 7 (1890–1945) section.
The Spanish-American War and the era of American imperialism are critical components of AP United States History, specifically covered under Period 7 (1890–1945) in the College Board curriculum. This period examines the causes, events, and consequences of the war, alongside the broader implications of American expansionism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key themes include the influence of nationalism, economic motivations, and the resulting shifts in U.S. foreign policy.
On practice exams, questions often focus on analyzing primary sources, understanding key events, and evaluating the impacts of imperialism on both the U.S. and the territories it acquired. Common traps include conflating imperialism with earlier forms of expansionism and overlooking the perspectives of those affected by U.S. actions. A frequent oversight is failing to connect the war's outcomes to subsequent U.S. foreign policies, such as the Open Door Policy or the Roosevelt Corollary, which can lead to incomplete answers.
Terms (38)
- 01
What was a primary cause of the Spanish-American War?
The primary cause of the Spanish-American War was the explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, which fueled American public support for intervention in Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain (College Board CED).
- 02
Which territories did the United States acquire as a result of the Spanish-American War?
The United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines as a result of the Spanish-American War, marking a significant expansion of American imperialism (College Board CED).
- 03
What was the significance of the Treaty of Paris 1898?
The Treaty of Paris 1898 ended the Spanish-American War and ceded control of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to the United States, establishing the U.S. as a colonial power (College Board CED).
- 04
How did the Spanish-American War impact U.S. foreign policy?
The Spanish-American War marked a shift in U.S. foreign policy towards imperialism, as the U.S. began to take on a more active role in international affairs and expand its influence overseas (College Board CED).
- 05
What was the role of yellow journalism in the lead-up to the Spanish-American War?
Yellow journalism played a crucial role by sensationalizing events in Cuba, particularly the plight of Cuban rebels, which stirred public opinion in favor of war against Spain (College Board CED).
- 06
What was the main argument of the Anti-Imperialist League?
The Anti-Imperialist League argued against U.S. expansionism, claiming it contradicted American democratic ideals and would lead to the subjugation of other peoples (College Board CED).
- 07
What event is often cited as the catalyst for U.S. intervention in Cuba?
The catalyst for U.S. intervention in Cuba was the explosion of the USS Maine in 1898, which was blamed on Spanish sabotage, leading to calls for war (College Board CED).
- 08
What was the Open Door Policy?
The Open Door Policy was a diplomatic proposal initiated by the U.S. in 1899 to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China and to prevent any single power from monopolizing trade (College Board CED).
- 09
How did the Platt Amendment affect Cuba's independence?
The Platt Amendment restricted Cuba's sovereignty by allowing the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs and established a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay (College Board CED).
- 10
What was the impact of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
The Roosevelt Corollary expanded the Monroe Doctrine by asserting the U.S. right to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability and order, justifying American intervention in the region (College Board CED).
- 11
Which president was associated with the phrase 'Speak softly and carry a big stick'?
President Theodore Roosevelt was associated with the phrase 'Speak softly and carry a big stick,' which reflected his approach to foreign policy and imperialism (College Board CED).
- 12
What was the main goal of the Philippine-American War?
The main goal of the Philippine-American War was to suppress Filipino independence movements and establish American control over the Philippines following the Spanish-American War (College Board CED).
- 13
What was the outcome of the Philippine-American War?
The outcome of the Philippine-American War was the establishment of American colonial rule in the Philippines, which faced significant resistance from Filipino nationalists (College Board CED).
- 14
What role did the U.S. play in the construction of the Panama Canal?
The U.S. played a significant role in the construction of the Panama Canal by supporting Panama's independence from Colombia and negotiating control over the canal zone (College Board CED).
- 15
What was the significance of the Boxer Rebellion in relation to U.S. foreign policy?
The Boxer Rebellion highlighted the tensions in China and reinforced the U.S. commitment to the Open Door Policy, as the U.S. participated in the international response to protect its interests (College Board CED).
- 16
What was the purpose of the Foraker Act?
The Foraker Act established civilian government in Puerto Rico and defined the relationship between the U.S. and its new territory following the Spanish-American War (College Board CED).
- 17
How did the Spanish-American War affect U.S. military strategy?
The Spanish-American War led to reforms in U.S. military strategy, emphasizing the need for a modern navy and improved logistics for overseas operations (College Board CED).
- 18
What was the role of the United States in the Russo-Japanese War?
The United States acted as a mediator in the Russo-Japanese War, facilitating peace negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Portsmouth, enhancing U.S. diplomatic standing in Asia (College Board CED).
- 19
What were the economic motivations behind U.S. imperialism in the late 19th century?
Economic motivations included the desire for new markets for American goods, access to raw materials, and investment opportunities in foreign territories (College Board CED).
- 20
What was the significance of the Great White Fleet?
The Great White Fleet, sent by President Roosevelt in 1907, showcased American naval power and demonstrated the U.S.'s growing influence on the global stage (College Board CED).
- 21
What was the impact of the U.S. acquisition of Alaska?
The acquisition of Alaska in 1867, often referred to as 'Seward's Folly,' expanded U.S. territory and resources, paving the way for future imperial ambitions (College Board CED).
- 22
How did the U.S. justify its actions in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?
The U.S. justified its actions in the Philippines by claiming it was bringing civilization and democracy to the islands, despite significant resistance from Filipino nationalists (College Board CED).
- 23
What was the significance of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty?
The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty granted the U.S. control over the Panama Canal Zone, solidifying American influence in Central America and facilitating the canal's construction (College Board CED).
- 24
What was the impact of the Spanish-American War on U.S. domestic politics?
The Spanish-American War influenced U.S. domestic politics by sparking debates over imperialism, nationalism, and the role of the U.S. on the world stage (College Board CED).
- 25
What was the role of the U.S. in Cuba after the Spanish-American War?
After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. occupied Cuba and established a military government, leading to the implementation of the Platt Amendment (College Board CED).
- 26
How did the Spanish-American War influence American nationalism?
The Spanish-American War fostered a sense of nationalism and pride in the U.S. military, reinforcing the idea of America as a global power (College Board CED).
- 27
What was the significance of the term 'White Man's Burden' in the context of imperialism?
The term 'White Man's Burden' was used to justify imperialism by suggesting that it was the duty of Western powers to civilize and uplift non-Western peoples (College Board CED).
- 28
What was the effect of imperialism on U.S. relations with Latin America?
Imperialism led to increased U.S. intervention in Latin America, often justified by the Roosevelt Corollary, which aimed to stabilize the region under U.S. influence (College Board CED).
- 29
What was the main focus of U.S. foreign policy during the early 20th century?
The main focus of U.S. foreign policy during the early 20th century was to expand its influence and protect its interests abroad, particularly in Latin America and Asia (College Board CED).
- 30
What was the impact of the Spanish-American War on U.S. military expansion?
The Spanish-American War prompted the U.S. to modernize and expand its military capabilities, leading to a stronger naval presence globally (College Board CED).
- 31
How did the U.S. respond to the independence movements in its territories?
The U.S. often responded to independence movements in its territories with military force, as seen in the Philippines, to maintain control and suppress dissent (College Board CED).
- 32
What was the significance of the Insular Cases?
The Insular Cases were a series of Supreme Court decisions that determined the constitutional rights of residents in U.S. territories acquired through imperialism (College Board CED).
- 33
What was the main argument of proponents of American imperialism?
Proponents of American imperialism argued that it was a means of spreading democracy, civilization, and economic opportunity to less developed nations (College Board CED).
- 34
What was the impact of the Spanish-American War on American society?
The Spanish-American War had a profound impact on American society by igniting debates over imperialism, race, and America's role in the world (College Board CED).
- 35
How did the Spanish-American War influence U.S. military policy?
The Spanish-American War influenced U.S. military policy by highlighting the need for a stronger navy and better preparedness for overseas conflicts (College Board CED).
- 36
What was the significance of the Teller Amendment?
The Teller Amendment declared that the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the war, emphasizing the U.S. intention to support Cuban independence (College Board CED).
- 37
What was the outcome of the U.S. intervention in the Boxer Rebellion?
The outcome of U.S. intervention in the Boxer Rebellion was the suppression of the uprising and the reaffirmation of the Open Door Policy in China (College Board CED).
- 38
What role did economic interests play in U.S. imperialism?
Economic interests, such as the desire for new markets and access to raw materials, were significant motivators behind U.S. imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (College Board CED).