APUSH Period 7 Progressive Era Reforms
36 flashcards covering APUSH Period 7 Progressive Era Reforms for the AP-US-HISTORY Period 7 (1890–1945) section.
The Progressive Era Reforms, spanning from the 1890s to the 1920s, focus on the social, political, and economic changes aimed at addressing the issues stemming from industrialization and urbanization in the United States. This topic is outlined in the College Board's AP United States History Curriculum Framework, which emphasizes the significance of reform movements and their impact on American society. Key areas include labor rights, women's suffrage, and government regulation of business practices.
On practice exams, questions about the Progressive Era often require students to analyze primary sources, evaluate the effectiveness of various reforms, or compare different reform movements. A common trap is the oversimplification of reform efforts, where students might confuse the goals of different groups or overlook the complexities of their outcomes. It's crucial to understand not only what reforms were implemented but also the social context in which they occurred. A practical tip often overlooked is the importance of recognizing the interplay between local and national movements, which can provide deeper insights into the era's dynamics.
Terms (36)
- 01
What was the main goal of the Progressive Era reforms?
The main goal of the Progressive Era reforms was to address the social, political, and economic issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption in government, aiming to improve society and promote social justice (College Board AP CED).
- 02
Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
The 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote, marking a significant victory for the women's suffrage movement (College Board AP CED).
- 03
What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
The Sherman Antitrust Act, enacted in 1890, aimed to prevent monopolies and promote competition by prohibiting business practices that restrained trade (College Board AP CED).
- 04
How did the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 impact consumer safety?
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 established regulations to ensure the safety and labeling of food and pharmaceuticals, protecting consumers from unsafe products (College Board AP CED).
- 05
What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?
The 17th Amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people, reducing corruption and increasing democratic participation (College Board AP CED).
- 06
What role did muckrakers play during the Progressive Era?
Muckrakers were investigative journalists who exposed social injustices, corruption, and abuses in society, helping to spur public demand for reform (College Board AP CED).
- 07
Which legislation established the Federal Reserve System?
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the Federal Reserve System to regulate the banking industry and manage monetary policy in the United States (College Board AP CED).
- 08
What was the aim of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935?
The National Labor Relations Act aimed to protect the rights of workers to organize and engage in collective bargaining, promoting fair labor practices (College Board AP CED).
- 09
How did the 16th Amendment change federal taxation?
The 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states, fundamentally changing federal taxation (College Board AP CED).
- 10
What was the impact of the Clayton Antitrust Act?
The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 strengthened antitrust laws by prohibiting specific anti-competitive practices and protecting labor unions from being prosecuted as monopolies (College Board AP CED).
- 11
What did the Social Security Act of 1935 establish?
The Social Security Act established a social insurance program designed to provide financial assistance to the elderly, unemployed, and disabled, marking a significant shift in government responsibility for social welfare (College Board AP CED).
- 12
Under the Meat Inspection Act, what was required for meatpacking plants?
The Meat Inspection Act required federal inspection of meatpacking plants to ensure sanitary conditions and proper labeling of meat products (College Board AP CED).
- 13
What was the purpose of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)?
The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection, ensuring fair competition (College Board AP CED).
- 14
Which Progressive reform aimed to improve urban living conditions?
The Tenement House Act of 1901 aimed to improve urban living conditions by mandating better sanitation and safety standards in tenement buildings (College Board AP CED).
- 15
What was the significance of the 18th Amendment?
The 18th Amendment, ratified in 1919, prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages, initiating Prohibition in the United States (College Board AP CED).
- 16
How did the Progressive Era address child labor?
The Progressive Era saw various reforms aimed at reducing child labor, including the establishment of laws that set minimum age requirements and limited working hours for children (College Board AP CED).
- 17
What was the main focus of the settlement house movement?
The settlement house movement focused on providing social services, education, and cultural activities to immigrants and the urban poor, aiming to improve their living conditions (College Board AP CED).
- 18
What did the 21st Amendment accomplish?
The 21st Amendment, ratified in 1933, repealed the 18th Amendment, effectively ending Prohibition and allowing the legal sale of alcohol (College Board AP CED).
- 19
Which event led to increased public support for food safety regulations?
The publication of Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle' in 1906 led to increased public awareness and support for food safety regulations, resulting in the Pure Food and Drug Act (College Board AP CED).
- 20
What was the goal of the NAACP when it was founded in 1909?
The NAACP was founded to fight for civil rights and eliminate racial discrimination through legal challenges and advocacy (College Board AP CED).
- 21
What was the impact of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 led to significant reforms in labor laws and workplace safety regulations, highlighting the need for better working conditions (College Board AP CED).
- 22
What was the main purpose of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)?
The main purpose of the WCTU was to promote temperance and advocate for the prohibition of alcohol, linking it to social reform efforts (College Board AP CED).
- 23
What did the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 aim to achieve?
The Federal Farm Loan Act aimed to provide low-interest loans to farmers to improve their financial stability and promote agricultural growth (College Board AP CED).
- 24
Which reform aimed to reduce the influence of political machines?
The introduction of the secret ballot aimed to reduce the influence of political machines by ensuring voter privacy and reducing intimidation at the polls (College Board AP CED).
- 25
What was the focus of the Hull House established by Jane Addams?
Hull House focused on providing social services, education, and cultural opportunities to immigrants and the urban poor, embodying the settlement house movement (College Board AP CED).
- 26
How did the Progressive Era influence women's roles in society?
The Progressive Era expanded women's roles in society by promoting suffrage, labor rights, and social reforms, leading to greater involvement in public life (College Board AP CED).
- 27
What was the significance of the 1902 Coal Strike?
The 1902 Coal Strike was significant as it marked the first time the federal government intervened in a labor dispute on behalf of workers, leading to a settlement (College Board AP CED).
- 28
What did the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933 provide?
The Federal Emergency Relief Act provided direct relief and financial assistance to the unemployed and those in need during the Great Depression (College Board AP CED).
- 29
What was the goal of the National Women's Party?
The National Women's Party aimed to secure women's suffrage through more militant tactics, advocating for the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (College Board AP CED).
- 30
How did the Progressive Era address issues of racial inequality?
The Progressive Era addressed racial inequality through the formation of organizations like the NAACP and the advocacy for civil rights, though progress was limited (College Board AP CED).
- 31
What was the purpose of the Public Health Service established in 1912?
The Public Health Service was established to improve public health and prevent disease through research, education, and regulation (College Board AP CED).
- 32
What was the impact of the New Deal on Progressive reforms?
The New Deal built upon Progressive reforms by expanding government intervention in the economy and social welfare, addressing issues from the Great Depression (College Board AP CED).
- 33
What did the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 establish?
The Fair Labor Standards Act established minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor protections, significantly improving labor conditions (College Board AP CED).
- 34
What was the significance of the 1913 Women's Suffrage Parade?
The 1913 Women's Suffrage Parade was significant as it showcased the growing momentum for women's voting rights and drew national attention to the suffrage movement (College Board AP CED).
- 35
What did the National Industrial Recovery Act aim to achieve?
The National Industrial Recovery Act aimed to stimulate economic recovery during the Great Depression by regulating industry and improving labor conditions (College Board AP CED).
- 36
How did the Progressive Era influence environmental conservation?
The Progressive Era promoted environmental conservation through the establishment of national parks and the conservation movement, led by figures like John Muir (College Board AP CED).