OSHA Focus Four Caught In or Between Hazards
62 flashcards covering OSHA Focus Four Caught In or Between Hazards for the OSHA OSHA 10/30 Construction section.
Caught-in or between hazards are a key part of OSHA's Focus Four, which highlights the most common construction and general industry dangers. This topic covers scenarios where workers are crushed, caught, or compressed by machinery, equipment, or collapsing structures, as defined by OSHA's regulations in 29 CFR 1926 for construction and related standards. These hazards emphasize the need for proper safeguarding and awareness to prevent severe injuries or fatalities on job sites.
On OSHA 10 and 30 certification exams, this material typically appears in multiple-choice questions that ask you to identify specific hazards, select correct safety controls, or analyze real-world scenarios like trenching or machine operation. A common trap is overlooking the subtle differences between caught-in risks and other hazards, such as failing to recognize that even temporary setups can lead to entrapments if not secured.
Always double-check that pinch points on equipment are guarded before starting work.
Terms (62)
- 01
What is a caught-in or between hazard in construction?
A caught-in or between hazard is a situation where a person is trapped, crushed, or pulled into or under equipment or materials, such as in excavations or machinery. (OSHA Outreach Training Program Requirements)
- 02
Under 29 CFR 1926.652, what protective systems are required for excavations?
Excavations five feet or deeper must have protective systems like sloping, benching, shoring, or shielding to prevent cave-ins. (29 CFR 1926.652(a)(1))
- 03
How deep must an excavation be to require a protective system?
Five feet or deeper. (29 CFR 1926.652(a)(1))
For a trench deeper than five feet, use shoring to protect workers.
- 04
What must be done before workers enter an excavation?
A competent person must inspect the excavation and adjacent areas for hazards, and protective systems must be in place. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(1))
- 05
In construction, what is required when working near unguarded machinery?
Machinery must be guarded to prevent caught-in hazards, such as by using barriers or covers on moving parts. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 06
How often should excavations be inspected for hazards?
At least once daily and as needed after events like rain or vibrations that could increase hazards. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(1))
- 07
What is the role of a competent person in excavation work?
A competent person must have the authority to take prompt corrective measures and inspect excavations for hazards like cave-ins. (29 CFR 1926.651(a))
- 08
Under 29 CFR 1926.651, what access is required for excavations?
Ladders, ramps, or other safe means of egress must be provided in excavations four feet or deeper, and within 25 feet of workers. (29 CFR 1926.651(c)(2))
- 09
What should workers do if they notice a potential cave-in in an excavation?
Immediately exit the excavation and notify a competent person for inspection and corrective action. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(2))
- 10
How must materials be stored near excavations to prevent caught-in hazards?
Materials must be stored at least two feet from the edge of excavations to avoid collapse. (29 CFR 1926.651(j)(2))
- 11
What is required for trenching operations in unstable soil?
Protective systems such as shoring or shielding must be used to prevent cave-ins in unstable soil. (29 CFR 1926.652(b))
- 12
In a scenario where a worker is operating a backhoe, what hazard might occur?
The worker could be caught in the moving parts, so machinery must be inspected and guarded. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 13
What training is needed for workers exposed to caught-in hazards?
Workers must receive training on recognizing and avoiding hazards, including caught-in risks, from a qualified person. (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2))
- 14
Under 29 CFR 1926.652, what options exist for protecting against cave-ins?
Options include sloping the sides, using trench boxes, or shoring the walls. (29 CFR 1926.652(a))
- 15
How should pinch points on equipment be managed?
Pinch points must be guarded to prevent body parts from being caught, using covers or barriers. (29 CFR 1926.300(a))
- 16
What must be ensured before starting excavation work?
The area must be checked for underground utilities to prevent caught-in hazards. (29 CFR 1926.651(b)(1))
- 17
In a caught-in hazard scenario with buried services, what should happen?
Workers must locate and mark utilities before digging to avoid entrapment. (29 CFR 1926.651(b))
- 18
What is the minimum distance for spoil piles from excavation edges?
At least two feet from the edge to prevent cave-ins. (29 CFR 1926.651(j)(2))
- 19
What procedure must follow a heavy rain in an excavation?
The excavation must be inspected by a competent person before re-entry. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(1))
- 20
Under 29 CFR 1926.300, how are machines with rotating parts protected?
Rotating parts must be guarded to prevent caught-in hazards. (29 CFR 1926.300(b))
- 21
What defines a competent person for excavation safety?
A person capable of identifying hazards and having authority to correct them, as determined by the employer. (29 CFR 1926.32(f))
- 22
How often must workers be trained on caught-in hazards?
As needed when hazards are introduced or when a new hazard is recognized. (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2))
- 23
In a scenario involving a conveyor belt, what precaution is necessary?
The belt must have guards on nip points to prevent workers from being caught. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 24
What must be in place for excavations near structures?
Additional precautions like shoring to prevent collapse from adjacent loads. (29 CFR 1926.651(i))
- 25
Under 29 CFR 1926.651, what warning system is needed for excavations?
Barricades and warning signs must be used to keep unauthorized persons out. (29 CFR 1926.651(l))
- 26
What is required if water accumulates in an excavation?
The excavation must be pumped and inspected before entry. (29 CFR 1926.651(g)(1))
- 27
How should workers exit an excavation quickly?
Using a ladder extending at least three feet above the edge. (29 CFR 1926.651(c)(1))
- 28
In a caught-in hazard with heavy equipment, what is the first step?
Ensure all guards are in place and perform a pre-use inspection. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 29
What soil testing is needed for excavations?
A competent person must classify soil to determine the appropriate protective system. (29 CFR 1926.651(c))
- 30
Under 29 CFR 1926.652, what is specified for benching in excavations?
Benching must follow tabulated data for the soil type to prevent cave-ins. (29 CFR 1926.652(b))
- 31
What hazard control is key for caught-in risks with vehicles?
Use spotters and ensure workers stay clear of moving parts. (29 CFR 1926.600(a))
- 32
How must caught-in hazards be addressed in daily safety meetings?
Hazards must be discussed and workers instructed on avoidance. (29 CFR 1926.20(b)(2))
- 33
In a scenario where a trench wall shows cracks, what action is needed?
Evacuate immediately and have a competent person assess. (29 CFR 1926.651(k))
- 34
What documentation is required for excavation safety?
Daily inspection records by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(3))
- 35
Under 29 CFR 1926.300, what guards are needed on power tools?
Guards must cover dangerous parts to prevent caught-in injuries. (29 CFR 1926.300(b))
- 36
What is the procedure for securing loads to avoid caught-in hazards?
Loads must be secured to prevent shifting and potential entrapment. (29 CFR 1926.550)
- 37
How deep can an excavation be without a protective system?
Less than five feet, if a competent person determines it's safe. (29 CFR 1926.652(a)(1))
- 38
In a caught-in hazard with augers, what must be done?
Augers must have guards on the intake to prevent entanglement. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 39
What training elements cover caught-in hazards?
Instruction on hazard recognition, avoidance, and use of controls. (29 CFR 1926.21(b))
- 40
Under 29 CFR 1926.651, what protects against surface encumbrances?
Remove or support surface encumbrances to prevent cave-ins. (29 CFR 1926.651(a))
- 41
What must employers provide for caught-in hazard prevention?
Engineering controls like guards and safe work practices. (29 CFR 1926.20(b))
- 42
In a scenario with overhead power lines and excavations, what risk exists?
Workers could be caught if equipment contacts lines, requiring minimum distances. (29 CFR 1926.1408)
- 43
How are caught-in hazards minimized in confined spaces?
Follow permit requirements and use barriers. (29 CFR 1926.1203, noting crossover)
- 44
What is required for equipment with exposed gears?
Gears must be enclosed or guarded to prevent access. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 45
Under 29 CFR 1926.652, what applies to cohesive soil?
Specific sloping angles based on soil type for stability. (29 CFR 1926.652(b))
- 46
What immediate action follows a caught-in incident?
Provide first aid and report to OSHA if necessary. (OSHA Outreach Training Program Requirements)
- 47
How often should machine guards be checked?
Before each use and as needed for wear. (29 CFR 1926.300)
- 48
In a trench over 20 feet deep, what is additionally required?
A registered professional engineer must design the protective system. (29 CFR 1926.652(b))
- 49
What sign must be posted for excavation hazards?
Warning signs indicating the hazard area. (29 CFR 1926.200)
- 50
Under 29 CFR 1926.651, what about atmospheric hazards in excavations?
Test for oxygen and hazards before entry. (29 CFR 1926.651(g))
- 51
What personal protective equipment helps with caught-in hazards?
Gloves and clothing without loose ends to avoid entanglement. (29 CFR 1926.28)
- 52
In a scenario with a collapsing wall, what response is appropriate?
Evacuate and stabilize before re-entry. (29 CFR 1926.651(k))
- 53
What is the first step in preventing caught-in hazards on site?
Conduct a job hazard analysis. (29 CFR 1926.20)
- 54
How must workers be positioned around rotating equipment?
Keep a safe distance and use lockout/tagout if servicing. (29 CFR 1926.417)
- 55
Under 29 CFR 1926.300, what about point of operation guarding?
The point of operation must be guarded to prevent injury. (29 CFR 1926.300(b))
- 56
What verification is needed for excavation stability?
Visual and manual tests by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.651(c))
- 57
In a caught-in hazard with cranes, what must be ensured?
Proper rigging and signals to prevent pinning. (29 CFR 1926.550)
- 58
What recordkeeping is associated with excavation inspections?
Maintain records of inspections for the duration of the job. (29 CFR 1926.651(k)(3))
- 59
How are caught-in hazards addressed in multi-employer sites?
Controlling employer must coordinate safety measures. (29 CFR 1926.16)
- 60
What is required when using powered industrial trucks near hazards?
Trucks must be inspected daily and hazards avoided. (29 CFR 1926.600)
- 61
Under 29 CFR 1926.652, what about aluminum hydraulic shoring?
It must be designed and installed per manufacturer's specs. (29 CFR 1926.652(c)(4))
- 62
In a scenario with a worker near a mixer, what precaution is key?
Ensure the mixer has guards on blades to prevent caught-in risks. (29 CFR 1926.300)