Cranes and Derricks in Construction
60 flashcards covering Cranes and Derricks in Construction for the OSHA OSHA 10/30 Construction section.
Cranes and derricks in construction focus on the safe operation, inspection, and maintenance of these heavy machines to prevent accidents like collapses, falls, or electrocutions. This topic is defined by OSHA's regulations in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart CC, which outlines requirements for operator certification, rigging practices, and site-specific hazards in the construction industry.
On OSHA 10/30 Construction exams, questions typically appear as multiple-choice scenarios testing knowledge of regulations, such as proper load capacities or signal person qualifications, with common traps including overlooking the need for daily equipment checks or confusing assembly/disassembly rules. Always conduct a thorough pre-use inspection to catch potential issues before they lead to real-world incidents.
Terms (60)
- 01
What is a qualified rigger in crane operations?
A qualified rigger is a person who has the ability to properly rig loads for cranes based on their knowledge and experience. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 02
Under 29 CFR 1926.1417, what must be done before operating a crane?
The crane must be inspected by a competent person to ensure it is in safe operating condition. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 03
How often must wire rope on cranes be inspected?
Wire rope must be inspected daily when in use, and a thorough inspection must be conducted at least annually by a qualified person. (29 CFR 1926.1413)
- 04
What is required when a crane is assembled or disassembled?
Assembly and disassembly must be directed by an individual who qualifies as a competent person and meets the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified person. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 05
What does a competent person do regarding crane ground conditions?
A competent person must evaluate ground conditions to ensure they can support the crane and its load without shifting or settling. (29 CFR 1926.1402)
- 06
Under 29 CFR 1926.1416, what safety device must cranes have?
Cranes must have operational safety devices such as boom stops, jib stops, and limit switches as required for the specific crane type. (29 CFR 1926.1416)
- 07
How must loads be rigged on cranes?
Loads must be rigged by a qualified rigger to prevent accidental dislodgement and ensure balanced lifting. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 08
What is the role of a signal person in crane operations?
A signal person must be qualified and provide clear signals to the crane operator to direct the movement of loads. (29 CFR 1926.1422)
- 09
When must fall protection be used on cranes?
Fall protection must be used by employees on cranes when they are exposed to falls of six feet or more to lower levels. (29 CFR 1926.502)
- 10
What must operators do before starting crane operations near power lines?
Operators must determine the voltage and minimum clearance distances for power lines and ensure safe operations. (29 CFR 1926.1407)
- 11
What is a critical lift in crane operations?
A critical lift is one that requires detailed planning and supervision due to its complexity or potential risk, as determined by the employer. (29 CFR 1926.1407)
- 12
How often must crane operators be evaluated?
Crane operators must be evaluated at least every three years to ensure they remain competent. (29 CFR 1926.1427)
- 13
Under 29 CFR 1926.1410, what must be inspected on mobile cranes?
Mobile cranes must be inspected for structural integrity, hydraulic systems, and operational controls before use. (29 CFR 1926.1410)
- 14
What procedure must be followed for crane boom assembly?
The assembly must be supervised by a competent and qualified person, following the manufacturer's procedures. (29 CFR 1926.1403)
- 15
What is required if a crane contacts a power line?
Operations must stop immediately, and employees must remain on the crane until it is safe, following de-energization procedures if possible. (29 CFR 1926.1408)
- 16
How must crane operators be trained?
Operators must receive training on the specific crane type, hazards, and safe operating practices by a qualified instructor. (29 CFR 1926.1427)
- 17
What must be done with defective crane components?
Defective components must be repaired or replaced before the crane is used, as determined by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.1412)
- 18
Under 29 CFR 1926.1437, what is needed for floating cranes?
Floating cranes must have stability assessments and be operated by qualified persons to ensure safe conditions. (29 CFR 1926.1437)
- 19
What signals must be used during crane operations?
Standard hand signals or voice signals must be used as specified in the regulation to communicate with the operator. (29 CFR 1926.1422)
- 20
When must a crane be tagged out?
A crane must be tagged out if it is found to be unsafe until repairs are made by a qualified person. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 21
What is the minimum clearance for cranes near power lines?
Specific minimum distances vary by voltage, and operations must maintain at least the distances outlined in the standard. (29 CFR 1926.1408)
- 22
How must loads be secured on cranes?
Loads must be secured using appropriate rigging hardware to prevent slipping or falling during lifting. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 23
What documentation is required for crane operators?
Operators must have certification or qualification documentation that meets the standard's requirements. (29 CFR 1926.1427)
- 24
Under 29 CFR 1926.1419, what must be in a signal system?
The signal system must include clear methods for emergency stop and be understood by all involved personnel. (29 CFR 1926.1419)
- 25
What must employers provide for crane assembly?
Employers must provide assembly/disassembly procedures from the manufacturer and ensure they are followed. (29 CFR 1926.1403)
- 26
How often must crane records be maintained?
Inspection and maintenance records must be kept for the duration of the crane's service or as required by the standard. (29 CFR 1926.1412)
- 27
What is required for crane operation in windy conditions?
Operations must be halted if wind speeds make control unsafe, as determined by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 28
Under 29 CFR 1926.1428, what training is needed for signal persons?
Signal persons must be trained and qualified to give clear and accurate signals for crane operations. (29 CFR 1926.1428)
- 29
What must be checked on crane hooks?
Hooks must be inspected for deformation, cracks, and wear by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.1413)
- 30
How must crane capacity be determined?
Capacity must be based on the manufacturer's ratings and not exceeded under any conditions. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 31
What is a tag line in crane operations?
A tag line is a line used to control the load and prevent it from swinging or rotating uncontrollably. (29 CFR 1926.1426)
- 32
When must a crane be leveled?
A crane must be leveled before operations to ensure stability and prevent tipping. (29 CFR 1926.1402)
- 33
Under 29 CFR 1926.1433, what is required for derricks?
Derricks must be inspected and maintained according to the manufacturer's recommendations. (29 CFR 1926.1433)
- 34
What must be done if a crane overloads?
The crane must be immediately shut down, and a competent person must assess for damage. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 35
How must crane operators communicate?
Operators must use established signal systems to communicate with riggers and signal persons. (29 CFR 1926.1422)
- 36
What is the purpose of outriggers on cranes?
Outriggers provide stability by extending the base and must be fully extended during operations. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 37
Under 29 CFR 1926.1411, what must power lines be treated as?
Power lines must be treated as energized unless confirmed otherwise by the utility owner. (29 CFR 1926.1411)
- 38
What training must riggers receive?
Riggers must receive training on proper rigging techniques and hazard recognition. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 39
How often must crane shift inspections occur?
Shift inspections must be conducted at the beginning of each shift by a competent person. (29 CFR 1926.1412)
- 40
What must be in a crane operator's qualification?
Qualification must include knowledge of crane operations, safety devices, and emergency procedures. (29 CFR 1926.1427)
- 41
Under 29 CFR 1926.1409, what is needed for power line crossings?
A dedicated spotter or other measures must be used to maintain safe distances during crossings. (29 CFR 1926.1409)
- 42
What must employers ensure for crane setup?
Employers must ensure the crane is set up on firm ground and that all components are properly installed. (29 CFR 1926.1402)
- 43
How must loads be lifted on cranes?
Loads must be lifted smoothly and steadily to avoid shock loading on the crane. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 44
What is required for crane modifications?
Modifications must be approved by the manufacturer or a qualified engineer. (29 CFR 1926.1434)
- 45
Under 29 CFR 1926.1420, what must signals include?
Signals must include standard methods for starting, stopping, and emergency situations. (29 CFR 1926.1420)
- 46
What must be done with unused crane parts?
Unused parts must be stored securely to prevent hazards during operations. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 47
How must crane access be provided?
Safe access, such as ladders or steps, must be provided to all working levels on the crane. (29 CFR 1926.1416)
- 48
What is a boom hoist on a crane?
A boom hoist is a device used to raise and lower the boom on a crane. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 49
Under 29 CFR 1926.1414, what must wire rope sockets have?
Wire rope sockets must be properly installed and inspected for security. (29 CFR 1926.1414)
- 50
What must operators know about load charts?
Operators must understand and use load charts to determine safe lifting capacities. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 51
How must crane emergency procedures be handled?
Emergency procedures must be established and communicated to all personnel involved. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 52
What is required for crane electrical systems?
Electrical systems must be inspected and maintained to prevent electrical hazards. (29 CFR 1926.1416)
- 53
Under 29 CFR 1926.1436, what must be done for overhead cranes?
Overhead cranes must have limit switches and be operated within rated capacities. (29 CFR 1926.1436)
- 54
What must be checked on crane tires?
Tires must be inspected for damage and proper inflation on mobile cranes. (29 CFR 1926.1412)
- 55
How must crane operations be supervised?
Operations must be supervised by a competent person to ensure safety compliance. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 56
What is a sheave on a crane?
A sheave is a wheel or pulley used in the crane's wire rope system. (29 CFR 1926.1404)
- 57
Under 29 CFR 1926.1415, what must safety latches on hooks have?
Safety latches must be functional to prevent loads from accidentally detaching. (29 CFR 1926.1415)
- 58
What must be done before moving a crane?
The path must be cleared of obstacles and the crane secured for travel. (29 CFR 1926.1417)
- 59
How must crane fuel systems be handled?
Fuel systems must be checked for leaks and proper operation. (29 CFR 1926.1412)
- 60
What is required for crane counterweights?
Counterweights must be securely attached and accounted for in load calculations. (29 CFR 1926.1404)