Psych 101 Psychological Disorders Categories
36 flashcards covering Psych 101 Psychological Disorders Categories for the PSYCHOLOGY-101 Intro Psych Topics section.
Psychological disorders are classified into categories that help clinicians and researchers understand and diagnose mental health conditions. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) provides these classifications in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is the authoritative guide used in the field of psychology. Understanding these categories is crucial for identifying symptoms and determining appropriate treatment plans.
On practice exams for Introductory Psychology, questions often focus on the definitions and characteristics of various psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Common traps include confusing similar disorders or misidentifying key symptoms. For instance, students may struggle to differentiate between major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, leading to incorrect answers.
A practical tip for clinicians is to remember that many clients may present with symptoms of multiple disorders, which can complicate diagnosis and treatment. Always consider a comprehensive assessment to avoid missing co-occurring conditions.
Terms (36)
- 01
What are the main categories of psychological disorders?
The main categories of psychological disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders (Myers Psychology).
- 02
What is classified under anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 03
Which disorders fall under mood disorders?
Mood disorders primarily include major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (Myers Psychology).
- 04
What defines personality disorders?
Personality disorders are characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate markedly from cultural expectations (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 05
What are the types of psychotic disorders?
Psychotic disorders include schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, characterized by symptoms like delusions and hallucinations (Myers Psychology).
- 06
What are common symptoms of eating disorders?
Common symptoms of eating disorders include severe disturbances in eating behavior, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 07
How are neurodevelopmental disorders defined?
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and include autism spectrum disorder and ADHD (Myers Psychology).
- 08
What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders in the population?
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders, affecting approximately 18% of the adult population in a given year (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 09
Which disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings?
Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, including episodes of mania and depression (Myers Psychology).
- 10
What is the main feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
The main feature of OCD is the presence of obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors) aimed at reducing anxiety (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 11
What is a characteristic of schizophrenia?
A characteristic of schizophrenia includes the presence of hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking (Myers Psychology).
- 12
How often do symptoms of major depressive disorder occur?
Symptoms of major depressive disorder must be present for at least two weeks to meet diagnostic criteria (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 13
What is the primary treatment for anxiety disorders?
The primary treatment for anxiety disorders often includes psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and may also involve medication (Myers Psychology).
- 14
What distinguishes a personality disorder from other disorders?
Personality disorders are distinguished by their pervasive and inflexible patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 15
What is a common feature of autism spectrum disorder?
A common feature of autism spectrum disorder is difficulties with social communication and interaction, along with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors (Myers Psychology).
- 16
What is the role of genetics in psychological disorders?
Genetics can play a significant role in the development of various psychological disorders, influencing susceptibility and severity (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 17
What is the significance of the DSM-5 in diagnosing psychological disorders?
The DSM-5 provides standardized criteria for diagnosing psychological disorders, aiding in consistent and accurate identification (Myers Psychology).
- 18
What are the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Symptoms of PTSD include intrusive memories, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, negative changes in mood, and heightened arousal (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 19
What is the impact of stigma on individuals with psychological disorders?
Stigma can lead to discrimination, social isolation, and reluctance to seek treatment among individuals with psychological disorders (Myers Psychology).
- 20
How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) address psychological disorders?
CBT addresses psychological disorders by helping individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 21
What are the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder?
Diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder include excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least six months (Myers Psychology).
- 22
What is a common misconception about schizophrenia?
A common misconception about schizophrenia is that it involves a split personality; in reality, it is characterized by a disconnection from reality (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 23
What is the function of the amygdala in anxiety disorders?
The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing emotions and is often hyperactive in individuals with anxiety disorders (Myers Psychology).
- 24
What are the effects of untreated depression?
Untreated depression can lead to significant impairment in daily functioning, increased risk of suicide, and comorbid health issues (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 25
What is the relationship between stress and psychological disorders?
Chronic stress can exacerbate or trigger the onset of various psychological disorders, including anxiety and depression (Myers Psychology).
- 26
What is the role of neurotransmitters in mood disorders?
Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are implicated in mood regulation and are often targeted in the treatment of mood disorders (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 27
What constitutes a major depressive episode?
A major depressive episode is characterized by a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in activities for at least two weeks (Myers Psychology).
- 28
What behavioral symptoms are associated with ADHD?
Behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 29
What is the significance of early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders?
Early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders can improve outcomes and enhance developmental trajectories for affected individuals (Myers Psychology).
- 30
What are the common treatments for eating disorders?
Common treatments for eating disorders include psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 31
How does exposure therapy work for phobias?
Exposure therapy works for phobias by gradually exposing individuals to the feared object or situation in a controlled manner to reduce anxiety (Myers Psychology).
- 32
What is the impact of childhood trauma on psychological disorders?
Childhood trauma can significantly increase the risk of developing various psychological disorders later in life (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 33
What are the symptoms of a panic attack?
Symptoms of a panic attack include rapid heart rate, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and feelings of impending doom (Myers Psychology).
- 34
What is the difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa involves severe restriction of food intake and an intense fear of weight gain, while bulimia nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (Hockenbury Psychology).
- 35
What is the importance of social support in managing psychological disorders?
Social support is crucial in managing psychological disorders as it can provide emotional assistance and reduce feelings of isolation (Myers Psychology).
- 36
How does the biopsychosocial model explain psychological disorders?
The biopsychosocial model explains psychological disorders as the result of biological, psychological, and social factors interacting (Hockenbury Psychology).