Globally Harmonized System GHS Classification
63 flashcards covering Globally Harmonized System GHS Classification for the OSHA Hazard Communication section.
GHS Classification standardizes the way chemicals are categorized based on their hazards, including health effects, physical properties, and environmental risks, using a consistent international framework. This system is defined by the United Nations' Globally Harmonized System and is enforced in the US through OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, specifically 29 CFR 1910.1200, which applies to construction and general industry settings.
On OSHA Outreach Training exams, questions often involve multiple-choice scenarios where you identify correct hazard classes, pictograms, or signal words, such as distinguishing between "Danger" and "Warning." A common trap is overlooking the need to classify chemical mixtures accurately, which can lead to errors in labeling or risk assessment.
One practical tip workers often miss: Always consult the latest Safety Data Sheet before handling chemicals to ensure classifications reflect current formulations.
Terms (63)
- 01
What is the purpose of GHS in hazard communication?
To provide a standardized system for classifying and labeling chemicals based on their hazards to ensure global consistency in communication (29 CFR 1910.1200(c)).
- 02
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what elements must be included in a GHS label?
A product identifier, signal word, hazard statement, pictogram, precautionary statement, and supplier information as specified for classified hazards (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)).
- 03
How are physical hazards classified under GHS?
Based on criteria for properties like flammability, explosivity, and oxidization as outlined in the standard's appendices (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 04
What signal words are used in GHS for hazard classification?
Danger for more severe hazards and Warning for less severe hazards, indicating the level of hazard severity (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix C).
- 05
In GHS, what does a pictogram represent?
A graphical symbol that provides a quick visual indication of the hazard type associated with a chemical (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(1)(iii)).
- 06
Under GHS, how must health hazards be evaluated?
By assessing the potential for acute or chronic effects such as toxicity, irritation, or sensitization using defined criteria (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 07
What is required when a chemical is classified as a carcinogen under GHS?
It must be labeled with the appropriate hazard statement and pictogram to indicate cancer risk (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 08
How does GHS classify explosive hazards?
By determining if a substance can detonate or explode under defined conditions of sensitivity and stability (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 09
What precautionary statements are part of GHS labeling?
Statements that describe recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects from exposure, based on the hazard classification (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(1)(v)).
- 10
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what information must be on a Safety Data Sheet for classified hazards?
Sections including identification, hazard identification, composition, first-aid measures, and handling precautions related to the GHS classification (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)).
- 11
What is a hazard category in GHS classification?
A subdivision within a hazard class that indicates the relative severity of the hazard, such as Category 1 for the most hazardous (29 CFR 1910.1200(c)).
- 12
How are flammable liquids classified under GHS?
Based on their flash point and boiling point to determine categories of flammability risk (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix B).
- 13
In a GHS scenario, what action is needed if a chemical is acutely toxic?
The chemical must be classified and labeled to indicate immediate health risks, including appropriate pictograms and statements (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 14
What must employers do with GHS classified chemicals in the workplace?
Ensure that labels and safety data sheets are available and that employees are trained on the hazards (29 CFR 1910.1200(h)).
- 15
Under GHS, how are environmental hazards assessed?
By evaluating the potential for harm to aquatic life or the environment based on toxicity and degradation criteria (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 16
What is the role of hazard statements in GHS?
To provide a standardized description of the nature of the hazards of a chemical, such as 'Flammable liquid' (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix C).
- 17
In GHS classification, what factors determine a corrosive hazard?
The ability of a substance to cause destruction to living tissue or materials, evaluated through specific testing criteria (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 18
How should a worker respond to a GHS-labeled chemical with a flame pictogram?
Treat it as a flammable hazard and follow precautions to avoid ignition sources (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)).
- 19
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what is needed for proper GHS implementation?
Classification of chemicals according to GHS criteria and provision of labels and safety data sheets (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)).
- 20
What does GHS require for gases under pressure?
Classification based on their physical state and pressure at 20 degrees Celsius to assess explosion risks (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 21
How are mixtures classified under GHS?
By evaluating the hazards of the mixture as a whole, considering the hazards of its components (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(5)).
- 22
In a workplace scenario, what should be done with a GHS classified irritant?
Use personal protective equipment and follow handling instructions on the label to prevent exposure (29 CFR 1910.1200(h)).
- 23
What is the first step in classifying a chemical under GHS?
Identify the hazards by reviewing the chemical's properties against the defined criteria in the appendices (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)).
- 24
Under GHS, what hazards are covered in the physical hazard class?
Hazards such as explosives, flammables, and oxidizers that can cause physical harm (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 25
How must GHS pictograms be displayed on labels?
In a square set on one of its points and presented in full color on a white background with a red border (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)(1)(iii)).
- 26
What training is required for employees on GHS classified chemicals?
Training on the new label elements and safety data sheet format to understand hazards (29 CFR 1910.1200(h)).
- 27
In GHS, how is a chemical classified as an oxidizer?
By its ability to provide oxygen or another oxidizing substance that can cause or contribute to the combustion of other material (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 28
What response is appropriate if a chemical is classified as toxic under GHS?
Implement controls to limit exposure, including ventilation and protective equipment (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 29
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what updates are needed for GHS classifications?
Reevaluation if new information indicates a change in hazard classification (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(2)).
- 30
How does GHS classify aspiration hazards?
Based on the potential for a substance to enter the lungs and cause damage, using specific criteria (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 31
What is included in GHS hazard communication programs?
Methods for classifying chemicals and informing employees through labels and training (29 CFR 1910.1200(e)).
- 32
In a scenario with a GHS classified explosive, what precaution is required?
Store and handle it to prevent shock, friction, or heat that could trigger explosion (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 33
What procedure follows GHS classification of a chemical?
Prepare and affix the appropriate label and update the safety data sheet (29 CFR 1910.1200(f) and (g)).
- 34
Under GHS, how are specific target organ toxins identified?
By evidence of toxicity to specific organs after single or repeated exposure (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 35
What GHS elements must be on a container of hazardous chemicals?
The product identifier and relevant pictograms, signal words, and statements (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)).
- 36
How should employers handle GHS classified unknown mixtures?
Classify based on available data or testing of the mixture itself (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(5)).
- 37
In GHS, what hazards require a skull and crossbones pictogram?
Acute toxicity hazards that can cause serious health effects or death (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix C).
- 38
What is the key requirement for GHS safety data sheets?
They must be in a 16-section format with details on hazards and safe use (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)).
- 39
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, how are gases classified as flammable?
If they are ignitable at 13% or less in air, or have a flammable range of at least 12 percentage points (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix B).
- 40
What action is needed for a GHS classified corrosive substance?
Use barriers and protective gear to prevent contact with skin or eyes (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 41
How does GHS address classification of biohazardous materials?
Through health hazard classes, including those that are infectious or toxic (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 42
What must be done before using a GHS classified chemical?
Review the label and safety data sheet to understand and mitigate hazards (29 CFR 1910.1200(h)).
- 43
In GHS, what defines a Category 1 flammable liquid?
A liquid with a flash point below a certain value and a boiling point below a specified temperature (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix B).
- 44
Under GHS, what is required for labeling transported containers?
The same GHS elements as for workplace containers, if applicable (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)).
- 45
How are reproductive toxins classified in GHS?
Based on evidence of adverse effects on sexual function and fertility (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 46
What response is expected for GHS classified eye irritants?
Avoid direct contact and use eye protection as indicated on the label (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 47
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what revisions are needed for GHS updates?
Update classifications and communications when new hazard information becomes available (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(2)).
- 48
How does GHS classify compressed gases?
As gases under pressure if they are contained at a pressure not less than 200 kPa (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 49
In a workplace, what must follow GHS hazard identification?
Implementation of control measures and employee training (29 CFR 1910.1200(e)).
- 50
What GHS pictogram is used for environmental hazards?
The environment pictogram, indicating potential harm to aquatic life (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix C).
- 51
How are organic peroxides classified under GHS?
Based on their explosive, fire, or health hazard potential (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 52
What is required when handling GHS classified pyrophoric chemicals?
Store in inert atmospheres to prevent spontaneous ignition (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 53
Under GHS, how must simple asphyxiants be addressed?
Through labeling if they displace oxygen and create a hazard (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 54
In GHS, what hazards are in the health hazard class?
Acute toxicity, skin corrosion, and respiratory sensitization, among others (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 55
What procedure ensures accurate GHS classification?
Use of test data and expert judgment as per the standard's guidelines (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)).
- 56
How does GHS classify self-reactive substances?
As substances that can decompose and release energy under normal conditions (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 57
What must be on GHS labels for aerosols?
Information on their pressurized state and potential for explosion (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 58
In a scenario with GHS classified sensitizers, what is the response?
Monitor for allergic reactions and use controls to limit exposure (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 59
Under 29 CFR 1910.1200, what supports GHS classification decisions?
Bridging principles for mixtures and evaluation of available data (29 CFR 1910.1200(d)(5)).
- 60
How are GHS hazard classes organized?
Into physical, health, and environmental hazards for systematic evaluation (29 CFR 1910.1200(c)).
- 61
What GHS requirement applies to unlabeled containers?
They must be labeled before use to communicate hazards (29 CFR 1910.1200(f)).
- 62
In GHS, how is chronic toxicity classified?
Based on long-term exposure effects like organ damage (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).
- 63
What action is needed for GHS classified mutagenic substances?
Handle with precautions to prevent exposure, as they may alter genetic material (29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A).