APUSH Period 2 Chesapeake vs New England Colonies
35 flashcards covering APUSH Period 2 Chesapeake vs New England Colonies for the AP-US-HISTORY Period 2 (1607–1754) section.
The topic of Chesapeake vs. New England Colonies covers the distinct social, economic, and political developments in these two regions during the early colonial period, as outlined by the College Board in the AP United States History Curriculum Framework. The Chesapeake region, characterized by plantation agriculture and a reliance on indentured servitude and later enslaved labor, contrasts sharply with New England, which fostered a more diverse economy based on small-scale farming, fishing, and trade, influenced by Puritan religious beliefs.
On practice exams, questions may require students to analyze similarities and differences between the two regions, often presented in the form of comparative essays or multiple-choice questions. A common pitfall is the oversimplification of these regions' differences; students may mistakenly generalize that all Chesapeake colonies were solely focused on cash crops or that all New England colonies were uniformly religious. A practical tip is to remember that both regions had unique local variations that influenced their development, which can be crucial for nuanced answers.
Terms (35)
- 01
What were the primary economic activities in the Chesapeake colonies?
The primary economic activities in the Chesapeake colonies included tobacco cultivation, which became the dominant cash crop, along with the use of indentured servitude and later, enslaved labor for agricultural production (College Board AP CED).
- 02
What was the main reason for the founding of the New England colonies?
The New England colonies were primarily founded for religious freedom, particularly by Puritans seeking to escape persecution in England (College Board AP CED).
- 03
How did the geography of the Chesapeake colonies influence their economy?
The geography of the Chesapeake colonies, with fertile soil and a warm climate, facilitated the growth of tobacco as a cash crop, leading to a plantation-based economy (College Board AP CED).
- 04
What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact in New England?
The Mayflower Compact was significant as it established a form of self-government and a social contract among the Pilgrims, emphasizing majority rule and cooperation (College Board AP CED).
- 05
Which colony was known for its early establishment of public education?
Massachusetts was known for its early establishment of public education, driven by Puritan beliefs that literacy was essential for reading the Bible (College Board AP CED).
- 06
How did the Chesapeake colonies address labor shortages in the 17th century?
The Chesapeake colonies addressed labor shortages primarily through the use of indentured servants, who worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to America (College Board AP CED).
- 07
What role did religion play in the governance of New England colonies?
Religion played a central role in the governance of New England colonies, where laws were often based on Puritan religious principles and church membership was tied to political rights (College Board AP CED).
- 08
What was the primary form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies by the late 17th century?
By the late 17th century, the primary form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies shifted to enslaved Africans, as the demand for labor increased and the supply of indentured servants decreased (College Board AP CED).
- 09
What was the impact of the Headright System in the Chesapeake colonies?
The Headright System incentivized land ownership by granting land to settlers for each indentured servant they brought, promoting the growth of plantations and increasing the population (College Board AP CED).
- 10
How did the New England colonies approach relations with Native Americans?
The New England colonies often approached relations with Native Americans through a combination of trade and conflict, leading to events such as King Philip's War, which resulted in significant loss of life and land for Native peoples (College Board AP CED).
- 11
What was the primary reason for the establishment of Virginia?
Virginia was primarily established as an economic venture, with the goal of finding gold and establishing a profitable colony through agriculture (College Board AP CED).
- 12
What was the role of women in the Chesapeake colonies?
Women in the Chesapeake colonies often had limited rights and were primarily responsible for household duties, but they also contributed to the economy through agricultural work and managing plantations (College Board AP CED).
- 13
What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of 1638?
The Fundamental Orders of 1638 were significant as they established a framework for government in Connecticut, considered by some as the first written constitution in America (College Board AP CED).
- 14
What was the primary religious group in the New England colonies?
The primary religious group in the New England colonies were the Puritans, who sought to purify the Church of England and establish a 'city upon a hill' as a model Christian society (College Board AP CED).
- 15
What was the impact of the Great Awakening in the New England colonies?
The Great Awakening had a significant impact in the New England colonies by promoting religious fervor, encouraging individual interpretation of the Bible, and challenging established religious authorities (College Board AP CED).
- 16
What was the primary crop grown in the Chesapeake colonies?
The primary crop grown in the Chesapeake colonies was tobacco, which became the backbone of the colonial economy and drove the demand for labor (College Board AP CED).
- 17
How did the New England colonies' economy differ from that of the Chesapeake colonies?
The New England colonies had a more diversified economy that included fishing, shipbuilding, and trade, while the Chesapeake colonies were primarily agrarian and reliant on tobacco cultivation (College Board AP CED).
- 18
What was the significance of Bacon's Rebellion in the Chesapeake colonies?
Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 was significant as it highlighted tensions between frontier settlers and the colonial government, leading to changes in policies regarding land and labor (College Board AP CED).
- 19
Which colony was founded as a refuge for dissenters from the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Rhode Island was founded as a refuge for dissenters from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, promoting religious tolerance and separation of church and state (College Board AP CED).
- 20
What was the primary demographic difference between the Chesapeake and New England colonies?
The primary demographic difference was that the Chesapeake colonies had a higher proportion of single men due to the labor needs of tobacco plantations, while New England colonies had more families (College Board AP CED).
- 21
How did the role of government differ between the Chesapeake and New England colonies?
The role of government in New England was more community-focused and often intertwined with religious authority, while the Chesapeake colonies had a more aristocratic structure with landowners holding significant power (College Board AP CED).
- 22
What was the primary form of governance in the Chesapeake colonies?
The primary form of governance in the Chesapeake colonies was a representative assembly, which allowed landowners to have a voice in colonial affairs, reflecting their economic interests (College Board AP CED).
- 23
How did the New England colonies address issues of dissent and nonconformity?
The New England colonies often addressed issues of dissent and nonconformity through strict religious laws and sometimes persecution, as seen in the cases of Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams (College Board AP CED).
- 24
What was the significance of the triangular trade for the Chesapeake colonies?
The triangular trade significantly impacted the Chesapeake colonies by facilitating the exchange of goods, including tobacco, rum, and enslaved Africans, thereby enhancing their economy (College Board AP CED).
- 25
What was the primary reason for the establishment of Maryland?
Maryland was established as a haven for Catholics seeking religious freedom from Protestant England, promoting a degree of religious tolerance (College Board AP CED).
- 26
What was the effect of the Navigation Acts on the Chesapeake colonies?
The Navigation Acts affected the Chesapeake colonies by regulating trade, ensuring that colonial goods were shipped on English ships, which benefited England economically but limited colonial trade options (College Board AP CED).
- 27
How did the population growth in the Chesapeake colonies differ from that in New England?
Population growth in the Chesapeake colonies was driven by immigration and the high birth rate of enslaved Africans, while New England's growth was more family-oriented and stable due to higher life expectancy (College Board AP CED).
- 28
What was the role of the church in New England colonial life?
The church played a central role in New England colonial life, influencing social norms, governance, and community cohesion, with church attendance being a requirement for civic participation (College Board AP CED).
- 29
How did the Chesapeake colonies' reliance on tobacco affect their social structure?
The reliance on tobacco in the Chesapeake colonies created a social hierarchy based on land ownership and wealth, leading to a society divided between wealthy planters and poorer laborers (College Board AP CED).
- 30
What was the significance of the Pequot War in New England?
The Pequot War was significant as it marked a turning point in the relationship between Native Americans and English settlers, resulting in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe and increased English dominance in the region (College Board AP CED).
- 31
How did the New England colonies' approach to education differ from that of the Chesapeake colonies?
The New England colonies emphasized education and established public schools, while the Chesapeake colonies had less formal education systems, focusing more on agricultural training (College Board AP CED).
- 32
What was the impact of the Glorious Revolution on the New England colonies?
The Glorious Revolution led to the overthrow of the Dominion of New England, restoring local governance and increasing the power of colonial assemblies in New England (College Board AP CED).
- 33
How did the Chesapeake colonies' economy influence their political structure?
The Chesapeake colonies' economy, based on plantation agriculture and tobacco, led to a political structure dominated by wealthy landowners who controlled the colonial assemblies (College Board AP CED).
- 34
What was the primary demographic characteristic of New England settlers?
The primary demographic characteristic of New England settlers was that they were primarily families seeking religious freedom, leading to a more stable and community-oriented society (College Board AP CED).
- 35
How did the Chesapeake colonies respond to conflicts with Native Americans?
The Chesapeake colonies often responded to conflicts with Native Americans through military action and land acquisition, leading to significant displacement of Native populations (College Board AP CED).