AP Psych Group Behavior and Bystander Effect
40 flashcards covering AP Psych Group Behavior and Bystander Effect for the AP-PSYCHOLOGY Unit 9: Social section.
Group behavior and the bystander effect are key concepts in social psychology that explore how individuals act in group settings and how the presence of others can influence personal responsibility. These topics are defined in the AP Psychology Curriculum Framework, particularly in Unit 9, which emphasizes the dynamics of social influence and group interactions.
On practice exams, questions about group behavior and the bystander effect often require students to analyze scenarios or case studies, asking them to identify relevant psychological principles. Common traps include confusing the bystander effect with diffusion of responsibility, where individuals assume someone else will take action in emergencies. Additionally, questions may incorporate terms like "social loafing" or "groupthink," which can lead to misinterpretation if not carefully considered.
A practical tip to keep in mind is that fostering a culture of responsibility and encouraging individuals to take initiative can significantly mitigate the bystander effect in real-world situations.
Terms (40)
- 01
What is the bystander effect?
The bystander effect is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present, due to a diffusion of responsibility among the witnesses (College Board AP CED).
- 02
How does group size affect helping behavior?
As the size of a group increases, the likelihood of any individual helping a victim decreases, illustrating the bystander effect (College Board AP CED).
- 03
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group feel less personal responsibility to act because they believe others will take action (College Board AP CED).
- 04
Which of the following best explains why people may not intervene in emergencies?
People may not intervene in emergencies due to the bystander effect, where the presence of others leads to a decreased likelihood of helping (College Board released AP practice exam questions).
- 05
What is social loafing?
Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone (College Board AP CED).
- 06
Under what circumstances is the bystander effect less likely to occur?
The bystander effect is less likely to occur when the situation is perceived as an emergency, when the victim is known to the bystanders, or when bystanders feel competent to help (College Board AP CED).
- 07
What role does ambiguity play in the bystander effect?
Ambiguity in a situation can lead to inaction among bystanders, as individuals may be unsure whether help is needed, thus contributing to the bystander effect (College Board AP CED).
- 08
How does the presence of a single bystander affect intervention rates?
When a single bystander is present, the likelihood of intervention increases compared to when multiple bystanders are present, as there is less diffusion of responsibility (College Board released AP practice exam questions).
- 09
What is the relationship between groupthink and decision-making?
Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group results in irrational or dysfunctional decision-making (College Board AP CED).
- 10
What is the first step in addressing the bystander effect?
The first step in addressing the bystander effect is to recognize the situation as an emergency that requires intervention (College Board AP CED).
- 11
What is the impact of anonymity on helping behavior?
Anonymity can decrease the likelihood of helping behavior, as individuals may feel less accountable for their actions in a crowd (College Board AP CED).
- 12
How can training reduce the bystander effect?
Training individuals in emergency response can increase the likelihood of intervention by enhancing their confidence and sense of responsibility (College Board AP CED).
- 13
What is altruism in the context of group behavior?
Altruism refers to selfless concern for the well-being of others, which can motivate individuals to help even in the presence of others (College Board AP CED).
- 14
What is the role of social norms in group behavior?
Social norms influence group behavior by establishing expectations for how individuals should act in various situations, including helping behavior (College Board AP CED).
- 15
Which of the following scenarios illustrates the bystander effect?
A person collapses in a crowded area, and despite many witnesses, no one calls for help, demonstrating the bystander effect (College Board released AP practice exam questions).
- 16
How does the concept of pluralistic ignorance relate to the bystander effect?
Pluralistic ignorance occurs when individuals in a group mistakenly believe that their own thoughts or feelings are different from those of the group, leading to inaction (College Board AP CED).
- 17
What is the significance of the Kitty Genovese case in psychology?
The Kitty Genovese case is significant as it highlighted the bystander effect, where numerous witnesses failed to help a woman being attacked, leading to widespread public interest in the phenomenon (College Board AP CED).
- 18
What psychological factors contribute to social loafing?
Factors contributing to social loafing include a lack of accountability, perceived dispensability of effort, and the belief that others will take responsibility (College Board AP CED).
- 19
What is the impact of group polarization on decision-making?
Group polarization can lead to more extreme positions and decisions than individuals would make alone, often intensifying group opinions (College Board AP CED).
- 20
How can awareness of the bystander effect influence behavior?
Awareness of the bystander effect can encourage individuals to take personal responsibility in emergency situations, potentially increasing intervention rates (College Board AP CED).
- 21
What role does empathy play in helping behavior?
Empathy can enhance helping behavior by increasing an individual's emotional connection to the victim, motivating them to intervene (College Board AP CED).
- 22
What is the significance of the Darley and Latané experiments?
The Darley and Latané experiments provided empirical evidence for the bystander effect, demonstrating that the presence of others inhibits helping behavior (College Board AP CED).
- 23
How does the presence of friends influence helping behavior?
The presence of friends can increase the likelihood of helping behavior, as individuals may feel more accountable and motivated to act together (College Board AP CED).
- 24
What is the effect of perceived competence on intervention rates?
Individuals who perceive themselves as competent are more likely to intervene in emergencies, as they feel capable of providing assistance (College Board AP CED).
- 25
What is the role of culture in shaping group behavior?
Culture can shape group behavior by influencing social norms, values, and expectations regarding helping behavior and cooperation (College Board AP CED).
- 26
How does the bystander effect relate to social identity theory?
The bystander effect may be influenced by social identity theory, as individuals may be more likely to help those they perceive as part of their in-group (College Board AP CED).
- 27
What is the relationship between group size and conformity?
As group size increases, the pressure to conform also increases, which can affect individual decision-making and behavior (College Board AP CED).
- 28
What is the role of leadership in group behavior?
Leadership can significantly influence group behavior by shaping norms, motivating members, and guiding decision-making processes (College Board AP CED).
- 29
What is the impact of social facilitation on performance?
Social facilitation refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others, but may hinder performance on complex tasks (College Board AP CED).
- 30
How does the concept of in-group bias relate to group behavior?
In-group bias refers to the tendency to favor one's own group over others, which can affect group dynamics and decision-making (College Board AP CED).
- 31
What is the effect of anonymity on group behavior?
Anonymity can lead to disinhibition in group settings, resulting in behaviors that individuals might not exhibit when identifiable (College Board AP CED).
- 32
What is the significance of the social impact theory?
Social impact theory posits that the likelihood of a person conforming or helping is influenced by the strength, immediacy, and number of people present (College Board AP CED).
- 33
How does the bystander effect manifest in online environments?
In online environments, the bystander effect can manifest as individuals failing to report harmful content or intervene in cyberbullying situations due to perceived anonymity (College Board AP CED).
- 34
What is the relationship between emotional arousal and helping behavior?
Increased emotional arousal can lead to a greater likelihood of helping behavior, as individuals may feel compelled to act in response to strong emotions (College Board AP CED).
- 35
How can public awareness campaigns reduce the bystander effect?
Public awareness campaigns can educate individuals about the bystander effect, encouraging proactive behavior in emergencies and promoting a sense of responsibility (College Board AP CED).
- 36
What is the role of situational factors in the bystander effect?
Situational factors, such as the ambiguity of the situation and the presence of other people, play a crucial role in determining whether individuals will intervene (College Board AP CED).
- 37
How does the concept of reciprocity influence group behavior?
Reciprocity influences group behavior by creating expectations that individuals will help each other, fostering cooperation and mutual assistance (College Board AP CED).
- 38
What is the impact of group dynamics on individual behavior?
Group dynamics can significantly influence individual behavior, often leading to conformity, compliance, or changes in personal attitudes and actions (College Board AP CED).
- 39
How does the presence of authority figures affect group behavior?
The presence of authority figures can influence group behavior by establishing norms and expectations that individuals may feel compelled to follow (College Board AP CED).
- 40
What is the significance of the social learning theory in group behavior?
Social learning theory emphasizes that individuals learn behaviors through observation and imitation of others, which can shape group dynamics and individual actions (College Board AP CED).